# BPC-157: The Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide, From the Record > BPC-157 is a 15-amino-acid stable gastric pentadecapeptide studied for cytoprotection and tissue repair across preclinical models. A cited research bulletin — mechanism, dose literature, and the human-data gap. Fifteen amino acids, an elimination half-life under thirty minutes, a VEGFR2-Akt-eNOS angiogenesis mechanism, and three small human pilots. The record, plate by plate, with every quantitative claim cited. ## What this bulletin posts BPC-157 is a synthetic 15-amino-acid peptide — a stable gastric pentadecapeptide derived from a partial sequence of a protein isolated from human gastric juice [4]. It is studied as a cytoprotective, regenerative compound, and its repair effects in animal models are most consistently linked to angiogenesis through the VEGFR2-Akt-eNOS pathway [3]. This site is a research bulletin. It posts what the published literature on BPC-157 actually establishes, where the evidence is preclinical, and where the human data stop. Every datum on this page is an angled plate dealt from the peer-reviewed record: the molecular identity (sequence GEPPPGKPADDAGLV, molecular formula C62H98N16O22, molecular weight 1419.53 Da, CAS 137525-51-0), the foundational gastric-ulcer cytoprotection result [4], the angiogenesis mechanism [3], the first formal pharmacokinetic characterization [2], and the stark human-data gap — three small pilot studies as of 2025 [6]. The bulletin does not sell, supply, or prescribe anything. It does not name a vendor, a clinic, or a pharmacy. It reads the science and cites it. ## What is BPC-157? ### What is BPC-157? BPC-157 is a synthetic peptide of fifteen amino acids (Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val), derived from a stable fragment of Body Protection Compound found in human gastric juice [4]. It is not a naturally circulating molecule; it is a synthetic stable fragment studied for cytoprotection and tissue repair. Authors call it the "stable gastric pentadecapeptide" because it is reported stable in human gastric juice [2]. ### What does BPC-157 do in the body? It is studied as a cytoprotective, pro-angiogenic peptide. Its repair effects in animal models are most consistently linked to VEGFR2-Akt-eNOS angiogenesis, complemented by FAK-paxillin migration signaling and modulation of the nitric-oxide system [3]. In a foundational rat gastric-ulcer model, BPC-157 reduced ulcer area and accelerated healing, with intramuscular delivery outperforming intragastric [4]. These are preclinical findings; they describe what the molecule did in animals, not a demonstrated human effect. ## BPC-157: the stable gastric pentadecapeptide The BPC-157 peptide is one of the most-studied research peptides in tissue-repair literature, and almost all of that literature is preclinical. The "stable gastric pentadecapeptide" descriptor is not decorative — it points to a property the authors emphasize: the peptide is reported stable in human gastric juice, which is the rationale behind interest in oral and peroral routes [2]. The first formal pharmacokinetic, distribution, metabolism, and excretion study, in rats and beagle dogs, reported linear pharmacokinetics, an elimination half-life under 30 minutes, intramuscular bioavailability of roughly 14-19% in rats and 45-51% in dogs, and rapid breakdown into small peptide fragments that enter normal amino-acid metabolism [2]. A short half-life paired with effects that persist over days of dosing is itself a finding the literature has to reconcile, and most authors attribute the durability to the downstream signaling cascade rather than to peptide persistence [3]. For the molecular identifiers, the dose figures expressed in studies, and the route comparisons, see [how BPC-157 doses are expressed in studies](/dosage). For the mechanism in detail, see [BPC-157 mechanism of action](/research). ## The record at a glance Four numbers frame the BPC-157 record, and this bulletin posts them up front rather than at the end. The elimination half-life is under 30 minutes in rat and dog pharmacokinetics [2]. The foundational gastric-ulcer study reported an ulcer-formation inhibition ratio of 45.7-65.6% at its higher doses in rats [4]. The human evidence amounts to three small pilot studies as of 2025 [6]. The number of large, controlled human efficacy trials is zero [6]. Those figures sit beside the molecular identity — a 15-amino-acid peptide, molecular weight 1419.53 Da, derived from a fragment of a human gastric-juice protein [4] — and the mechanism, VEGFR2-Akt-eNOS angiogenesis [3]. Read together they make the shape of the literature legible: broad, reproducible, mechanistically coherent preclinical work, and a human dataset still measured in dozens of participants. The pages that follow expand each plate and cite it. ## Where the human data stop BPC-157 is not an FDA-approved drug. The human record is extremely limited: as of 2025 reviews, three small human pilot studies exist — a 2-participant intravenous safety pilot [7], an uncontrolled intra-articular knee-pain case series [10], and a 12-patient intravesical interstitial-cystitis pilot [9]. None is a controlled efficacy trial. A 2025 narrative review of BPC-157 for musculoskeletal healing reached this conclusion plainly: despite broad preclinical support, human data are extremely limited, rigorous large-scale trials are lacking, and BPC-157 should be considered investigational and used with caution given regulatory controversy and non-regulated availability [6]. A large share of the foundational literature also comes from a single research group, which newer authors explicitly flag as an independent-replication question [6]. This bulletin posts that gap before it posts anything optimistic. For the current FDA and access position, see [BPC-157 legal status and 503A category](/legal-status). For safety questions answered one by one, see [BPC-157 safety and tolerability](/faq). --- A constructivist research bulletin on the BPC-157 record — each finding plated to its study, the human-data gap and the FDA 503A status posted before anything else, and no clinic behind the board nor anything here dispensed or sold.